Poppy Bilderbeck
An expert has weighed in on why 'prevention' rather than 'treatment' is the only way forward when it comes to vaping given the 'permanent' effects.
Earlier this year, it was revealed a 17-year-old had been diagnosed with the irreversible condition bronchiolitis obliterans - the scientific name for 'popcorn lung' - after vaping for three years.
Professor of Chemistry at RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Donal O'Shea has opened up about the extent of the dangers of 'popcorn lung' and why the term dates further back to when vapes first came on the scene.
The expert also explained why it's the flavouring agent that's used in vapes which is what can cause such permanent damage to the body.
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In an article for The Conversation, Professor O'Shea revealed the term 'popcorn lung' came about after several workers developed lung problems from working at a microwave popcorn factory, which used a chemical called diacetyl.
Similarly to the popcorn factory, flavoured vapes contain the chemical diacetyl - which, when aerosolised, becomes a 'toxic inhalant'.
Professor O'Shea explains: "It causes inflammation and scarring in the bronchioles (the smallest branches of the lungs), making it increasingly difficult for air to move through."
He warns: "There’s no cure for popcorn lung. Once the lungs are damaged, treatment is limited to managing symptoms.
"This can include bronchodilators, steroids, and in extreme cases, lung transplantation. For this reason, prevention – not treatment – is the best and only defence."
And it's not just diacetyl which is the only chemical found in vapes which can have this effect.
The results of inhaling diacetyl are 'permanent' with 'often disabling lung damage'.
Diacetyl is now officially banned in e-cigarettes in the EU and UK, but that doesn't mean it doesn't end up in illegal products.
It also remains in products in the US and other jurisdictions.
However, 'popcorn lung' can also 'be triggered' by other toxic chemicals.
Professor O'Shea notes: "Including volatile carbonyls like formaldehyde and acetaldehyde – both of which have also been detected in e-cigarette vapours."
He explains experts have estimated there being 'over 180 different flavouring agents used in e-cigrarette products today' which, 'when heated' break down into 'new compounds' that haven't all been 'tested for inhalation safety'.
"Because vapers’ lungs are exposed to so many chemicals, it’s not possible to directly prove that diacetyl is the cause of the disease in any specific case. But that doesn’t negate the proven risks of inhaling it," he continues. "Even if diacetyl isn’t the sole culprit, cumulative exposure to multiple chemicals and their byproducts could increase the risk of popcorn lung and other respiratory conditions."
Subsequently, he believes 'prevention' rather than 'treatment' is the only way forward when it comes to vaping.